Functional elucidation of causal genetic variants and elements requires precise genome
editing technologies. The type II prokaryotic CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short …

Here we use the clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–associated
Cas9 endonuclease complexed with dual-RNAs to introduce precise mutations in the …

The ability to artificially control transcription is essential both to the study of gene function
and to the construction of synthetic gene networks with desired properties. Cas9 is an RNA-…

Antibiotics target conserved bacterial cellular pathways or growth functions and therefore
cannot selectively kill specific members of a complex microbial population. Here, we develop …

Immune systems must recognize and destroy different pathogens that threaten the host.
CRISPR-Cas immune systems protect prokaryotes from viral and plasmid infection utilizing small …

A fundamental feature of immune systems is the ability to distinguish pathogenic from self
and commensal elements, and to attack the former but tolerate the latter 1 . Prokaryotic …

The immune systems that protect organisms from infectious agents invariably have a cost for
the host. In bacteria and archaea CRISPR-Cas loci can serve as adaptive immune systems …

Prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas loci encode proteins that function as an adaptive immune system
against infectious viruses and plasmids. Immunity is mediated by Cas nucleases and small …

Type III-A CRISPR-Cas systems defend prokaryotes against viral infection using CRISPR
RNA (crRNA)-guided nucleases that perform co-transcriptional cleavage of the viral target …

Objective To develop a radiomic nomogram for preoperative prediction of axillary lymph
node (LN) metastasis in breast cancer patients. Methods Preoperative magnetic resonance …